Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Myliobatidae
Genus:
Manta
Species:
Cephalopterus
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Manta Ray
Raie Manta
Teufelsrochen
Manta Maroma
Manta
Description
Manta rays are large rays belonging to the genus Manta. The larger species, M. birostris, reaches 7 m (23 ft 0 in) in width while the smaller, M.
alfredi, reaches 5.5 m (18 ft 1 in). Both have triangular pectoral fins, horn-shaped cephalic fins and large, forward-facing mouths. They are
classified among the Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) and are placed in the family Myliobatidae (eagle rays).
Mantas are found in temperate, subtropical and tropical waters. Both species are pelagic; M. birostris migrates across open oceans, singly or in
groups, while M. alfredi tends to be resident and coastal. They are filter feeders and eat large quantities of zooplankton, which they swallow with
their open mouths as they swim. Gestation lasts over a year, producing live pups. Mantas may visit cleaning stations for the removal of parasites.
Like whales, they breach, for unknown reasons.
Manta rays are members of Chondrichthyes, fish with tough cartilage rather than bone in their skeletons. Mantas are among the Elasmobranchii
(sharks and rays), in the superorder Batoidea (rays and skates) and the order Myliobatiformes (stingrays and relatives). The genus Manta is part
of the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, where it is grouped in the subfamily Mobulinae along with the devil rays.
Animalia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Elasmobranchii
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Myliobatidae
Genus:
Mobula
Species:
M. mobular
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Devil Ray
Raie Manta
Teufelsrochen
Manta Maroma
Duivels Rog
Description
The devil fish or giant devil ray (Mobula mobular) is an endangered species of eagle ray in the family Myliobatidae. It is currently listed as
endangered, mostly due to bycatch mortality in unrelated fisheries.
The devil fish is larger than its close relative the lesser devil ray. It grows to a maximum recorded length of 5.2 metres (17 ft), making it one of the
largest rays. It possesses a spiny tail.
Devil fish are most common in the Mediterranean Sea and can be found elsewhere in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, off the southwest coast of
Ireland and south of Portugal, and possibly in the northwest Atlantic. They predominantly prefer deep waters.
Devil fish inhabit offshore areas to the neritic zone, their range as deep as several thousand meters. They are typically observed in small
clusters, and may occasionally form larger groups.
Devil rays feed on planktonic crustaceans and small schooling fish, which are trapped using the modified gill covers (branchial plates)
responsible for its "devil-like" silhouette. The species is ovoviviparous: the young hatch from their eggs inside the mother's body and emerge later
when they are more fully grown. Only a single live young which is called a pup is born at a time.
Animalia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Dasyatidae
Genus:
Taeniura
Species:
T. grabata
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Round Stingray
Pastenague Noire
Runder Stechrochen
Chucho Negro
Ronde
Waaierstaartpijlstaartrog
Description
The round fantail stingray or round stingray (Taeniura grabata) is a poorly known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It inhabits sandy,
muddy, or rocky coastal habitats in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the southern Mediterranean Sea. This dark-colored ray typically reaches a
width of 1 m (3.3 ft), and can be identified by its nearly circular pectoral fin disk, short tail, and mostly bare skin. The round fantail stingray hunts
for fishes and crustaceans on the sea floor, and exhibits an aplacental viviparous mode of reproduction. The International Union for Conservation
of Nature (IUCN) does not yet have sufficient information to assess the conservation status of this species.
The round fantail stingray has a nearly circular pectoral fin disk slightly wider than long. The tail measures no longer than the disk length and
bears one or more stinging spines on the upper surface. The spines average 50 mm (2.0 in) long in males and 66 mm (2.6 in) in females, and
have a central groove and 29–45 lateral serrations. Replacement spines grow in front of the primary spine. There is a deep fin fold running
beneath the tail from the level of the spine almost to the tip. The skin is mostly smooth, save for small dermal denticles found along the middle of
the back from the spiracles to the tail spine, as well as three thorns on the "shoulders". The coloration is dark gray to brown to olive above, with
various darker mottling, and off-white below. This species typically grows up to 1 m (3.3 ft) across and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long, though it has been
reported to a length of 2.5 m (8.2 ft). It can weigh as much as 150 kg (330 lb).
Animalia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Dasyatidae
Genus:
Dasyatis
Species:
D. pastinaca
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Common Stingray
Pastenague
Gewöhnlicher Stechrochen
Chucho Común
Gewone Pijlstaartrog
The common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the
Mediterranean and Black Seas.
The common stingray has been reported to reach a width of 1.4 m (4.6 ft) and a length of 2.5 m (8.2 ft), though a width of 45 cm (18 in) is more
typical. The flattened pectoral fin disc is diamond-shaped and slightly wider than it is long, with narrowly rounded outer corners. The leading
margins of the disc are almost straight and converge on a pointed, slightly protruding snout; the trailing margins of the disc are convex. The eyes
are smaller than the spiracles (paired respiratory openings), which are placed closely behind. There are 28–38 upper tooth rows and 28–43 lower
tooth rows; the teeth are small and blunt, and arranged into flattened surfaces. There are five papillae (nipple-like structures) across the floor of
the mouth.
The tail is slender and whip-like, measuring approximately half as long as the disc. A stinging spine with strong serrations, measuring up to 35 cm
(14 in) long and equipped with a venom gland at its base, is positioned about a third of the distance along the tail. A second or even third spine
may also be present, as the spines are regularly replaced and new spines grow in before existing ones have been shed. The tail behind the spine
bears a low cutaneous fold on top and a short, deep fold underneath. The body and tail are smooth, save for a few dermal denticles on the
leading edge of the disk; older individuals may also develop a row of bony knobs along the midline of the back. This species is a solid gray,
brown, reddish, or olive-green above, and whitish below with dark fin margins. Young rays may have white spots.
Description
Animalia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Dasyatidae
Genus:
Dasyatis
Species:
D. centroura
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Roughtail Stingray
Pastenague A Grande Queue
Rauhschwanz Stechrochen
Chucho de Rabo Largo
Gestekelde pijlstaartrog
The roughtail stingray (Dasyatis centroura) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, with separate populations in coastal waters of the northwestern,
eastern, and southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
The roughtail stingray has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disk 1.2–1.3 times as wide as long, with straight to gently sinuous margins, rather angular outer
corners, and a moderately long, obtuse snout. The eyes are proportionally smaller than other stingrays in its range and immediately followed by larger
spiracles. There is a curtain of skin between the nostrils with a finely fringed posterior margin. The mouth is bow-shaped with a row of six papillae (nipple-like
structures) across the floor. The seven upper and 12–14 lower tooth rows at the center are functional, though the total number of tooth rows is much greater.
The teeth are arranged with a quincunx pattern into flattened surfaces; each has a tetragonal base with a blunt crown in juveniles and females, and a
pointed cusp in adult males.
The pelvic fins have nearly straight margins and angular tips. The tail is long and whip-like, measuring some 2.5 times the length of the disc. A long, saw-
toothed spine is placed atop the tail at around half a disc length back from the tail base; sometimes one or two replacement spines are also present in front
of the existing one. Behind the spine, there is a long ventral fin fold that is much lower than that of the southern stingray. Individuals under 46–48 cm (18–19
in) across have completely smooth skin. Larger rays develop increasing numbers of distinctive tubercles or bucklers (flat-based thorns) over the middle of
the back from the snout to the tail base, as well as dorsal and lateral rows of thorns on the tail. The bucklers vary in size, with the largest of equal diameter
to the eye, and may bear up to three thorns each. This species is a uniform dark brown or olive above, and off-white below without dark fin margins. Among
the largest members of its family, the roughtail stingray can reach 2.6 m (8.5 ft) across, 4.3 m (14 ft) long, and 360 kg (800 lb) in weight. Females grow larger
than males.
Description
Animalia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Gymnuridae
Genus:
Gymnura
Species:
G. altavela
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Spiny Butterfly Ray
Raie Papillon
Schmetterlingrochen
Mantelina
Vlinderrog
The spiny butterfly ray or giant butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela) is a species of butterfly ray, family Gymnuridae, native to the shallow coastal
waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
The spiny butterfly ray has a very broad, lozenge-shaped pectoral fin disk much wider than it is long, with concave front margins and abruptly
rounded corners. The snout is short and blunt. The teeth have high, conical cusps, numbering 98–138 rows in the upper jaw and 78–110 rows in
the lower jaw. In both jaws there are 10–12 functional tooth rows with each dental band occupying 70% the width of the jaw. There is a tentacle-
like structure on the inner posterior margin of each spiracle. The tail is short and slender, measuring a quarter the disk width, with upper and
lower fin folds. There are one or more serrated spines at the base of the tail.
The skin is naked in juveniles and subadults, while adults develop a patch of denticles on the center of the disk. The coloration is dark brown
above, sometimes with small lighter or darker spots and blotches in a marbled pattern, and white below. Juveniles have pale crossbars on the
tail. The maximum reported size is 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) disk width in the northwest Atlantic, though there are unsubstantiated reports of rays over 4 m
(13 ft) off West Africa. The maximum published weight is 60 kg (130 lb).
Description
Animalia
Harry van Goor 2016
source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Categories: Rays
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Myliobatidae
Genus:
Aetomylaeus
Species:
A. bovinus
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Duckbill (Bull) Ray
Raie Vachette
Gestreifter Adlerrochen
Obispo
Adelaarsrog
Aetomylaeus bovinus, also known as the Bull ray is a species of large stingray of the family Myliobatidae found around the coasts of Europe and
Africa.
This fish is named the bull ray because of the shape of its head and it is sometimes called the duckbill ray in South Africa for its long, flat, round
snout.[3] Bull rays are often 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) and sometimes up to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in length from snout to tip of tail, 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) in width and
weighing up to 100 kg (220 lb). Females are larger and heavier than males. It has a tail spine averaging 6.1 cm (2.4 in) in length in females and
3.2 cm (1.3 in) in males.
The bull ray feeds on various invertebrates including crabs, hermit crabs, squids, prawns, gastropod molluscs and bivalve molluscs. It is
viviparous and gives birth to live young. The gestation period is believed to be about one year and three to four young may be carried at one
time.
This fish has been relatively little studied and most of the data available comes from South Africa. It is sometimes caught in artisan fisheries and
is likely to be impacted by coastal development. The IUCN does not believe that there is enough information available to decide on its correct
status and has ranked it as being "Data Deficient".
Description
Animalia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Torpediniformes
Family:
Torpedinidae
Genus:
Torpedo
Species:
T. marmorata
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Marbled Electric Ray
Raie Marbrée
Marmorzitterrochen
Tembladera
Gemarmerde Sidderrog
The marbled electric ray (Torpedo marmorata) is a species of electric ray in the family Torpedinidae found in the coastal waters of the eastern
Atlantic Ocean from the North Sea to South Africa.
The body of the marbled electric ray is soft and flabby, and entirely lacks dermal denticles. The thick pectoral fin disc is nearly circular and
comprises about 59–67% of the total length; the paired kidney-shaped electric organs are visible beneath the skin, outside of the small eyes.
Immediately posterior to each eye is a large, oval spiracle, which bears 6–8 long, finger-like projections on the rim that almost meet at the center.
On the "nape" behind the spiracles, there are 5–7 prominent mucous pores. Between the nostrils, there is a quadrangular curtain of skin much
broader than long, that almost reaches the small, arched mouth. The teeth are small with a single pointed cusp, and are arranged with a
quincunx pattern into a pavement-like band in either jaw. The five pairs of gill slits are small and located beneath the disc.
The two dorsal fins have rounded apexes and are placed close together; the base of each fin measures about two-thirds its height. The rear of
the first dorsal fin base is located behind the rear of the pelvic fin bases. The second dorsal fin is only slightly smaller than the first. The short,
robust tail has skin folds running along either side, and terminates in a large caudal fin shaped like a triangle with blunt corners.
Description
Animalia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Myliobatidae
Genus:
Myliobatis
Species:
M Aquila
Binomial name (link Wikipedia)
Common Eagle Ray
Raie Aigle
Adlerrochen
Ratón
Adelaarsrog of Molenrog
The Common Eagle Ray (Myliobatis Aquila) found in the coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the North Sea to South Africa.
Myliobatis species can reach a length of about 150 centimetres (59 in). Body consist of a rhomboidal disc, wider than long, with a one dorsal fin.
The head is broad and short, with eyes and spiracles on the sides. The tail is slender, with 1-2 large spines at the base, without tail fin.
The teeth are arranged in the lower and upper jaw in flat tooth plates called pavement teeth, each consisting of about 7 series of plates. Said
mouth plates are useful to crush clam shells and crustaceans.
Myliobatis species are ovoviviparous. Their gestation last about 6 months and a female produces 4-7 embryos. Myliobatis species mainly feed on
molluscs, bottom-living crustaceans and small fishes.
Mylobatis species live in warm, shallow waters. Adults prefer sandy shores while juveniles can usually be encountered offshore.
Description
Animalia
